🔤 Caracteres Bitmap Personalizados

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 20, 4);

// Ícone de termómetro — 5 colunas × 8 linhas
byte termometro[8] = {
  0b00100,  // . . # . .
  0b01010,  // . # . # .
  0b01010,  // . # . # .
  0b01110,  // . # # # .
  0b01110,  // . # # # .
  0b11111,  // # # # # #
  0b11111,  // # # # # #
  0b01110   // . # # # .
};

void setup() {
  lcd.init(); lcd.backlight();
  lcd.createChar(0, termometro);  // Registar no slot 0
  lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
  lcd.write(0);            // Imprimir o char do slot 0
  lcd.print(" Temp: 24.3C");
}
void loop() {{}}

// 8 ícones — slots 0 a 7 — prontos a usar
byte grau[8]   ={0b00110,0b01001,0b01001,0b00110,0b00000,0b00000,0b00000,0b00000}; // °
byte setaD[8]  ={0b00000,0b00100,0b00110,0b11111,0b11111,0b00110,0b00100,0b00000}; // →
byte setaE[8]  ={0b00000,0b00100,0b01100,0b11111,0b11111,0b01100,0b00100,0b00000}; // ←
byte setaC[8]  ={0b00100,0b01110,0b11111,0b00100,0b00100,0b00100,0b00100,0b00000}; // ↑
byte setaB[8]  ={0b00000,0b00100,0b00100,0b00100,0b00100,0b11111,0b01110,0b00100}; // ↓
byte blocoF[8] ={0b11111,0b11111,0b11111,0b11111,0b11111,0b11111,0b11111,0b11111}; // █
byte coracao[8]={0b00000,0b01010,0b11111,0b11111,0b01110,0b00100,0b00000,0b00000}; // ♥
byte eng[8]    ={0b01110,0b11111,0b11011,0b11111,0b01110,0b11111,0b11011,0b01110}; // ⚙

void registarIcones() {
  lcd.createChar(0,grau);   lcd.createChar(1,setaD);
  lcd.createChar(2,setaE);  lcd.createChar(3,setaC);
  lcd.createChar(4,setaB);  lcd.createChar(5,blocoF);
  lcd.createChar(6,coracao); lcd.createChar(7,eng);
}

// Barra de progresso — usa slot 5 (bloco cheio) e espaço
void barra(int linha, int pct) {
  int b = pct * 20 / 100;
  lcd.setCursor(0, linha);
  for(int i=0; i<20; i++)
    i < b ? lcd.write(5) : lcd.write(32);  // 32 = espaço
}
// Ex: barra(3, map(velocidade, 0, 255, 0, 100));